Mrs. Streeter's 8th Grade     Georgia Studies Class

****SS8H3 a. Explain the causes of the American Revolution as they impacted Georgia; include the French and Indian War, Proclamation of 1763, and the Stamp Act.

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The intent of this standard is to gain a better understanding of the events that led to the Revolutionary War and the significant people and events of the war in Georgia.

When compared to other colonies, such as Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Virginia, Georgia the youngest, smallest, and poorest colony, played a relatively minor role during the American Revolutionary War period. For instance, Georgia was the only colony to sell stamps during the Stamp Act crisis and did not send a representative to the First Continental Congress in 1774. Once Georgia joined the patriot cause, the city of Savannah was easily recaptured by the British in 1778, and for all intents and purposes, Georgia’s coastal cities remained firmly in British hands for the remainder of the war. 

However, there was much more to the Revolutionary period in Georgia than the traditional narrative describes. Georgia’s revolutionary history includes men and women who challenged British authority at a potential cost to themselves, their families, and their businesses. Taking a side would place these men and women in difficult circumstances. Several of these men and women (Elijah Clarke, Austin Dabney, Nancy Hart) were featured in our standards in the past. While they are no longer a focus of our standards, they can be used as examples of Georgia heroes and legends of this time period. 


The traditional immediate and long-term causes of the Revolution did not have the same impact on Georgia as they did on other colonies. For example, the French and Indian War (1754-1763), a conflict between France and England for control of the rich fur region of the Ohio River valley, was fought far from Georgia’s borders and initially had a very small impact on the state. However, after the British won the French and Indian War, which was part of a larger worldwide war called the Seven Years War, the British obtained Canada and all land west to the Mississippi River. Though the colony was not directly involved, Georgia’s borders expanded to the St. Mary’s River to the South, the Mississippi River to the West, and land around Augusta to the North. Due to the economic cost of this war, there were two important events that led to conflict between Britain and its colonies. The first was the Proclamation of 1763, and the second was a series of taxes, including the Stamp Act (1765), that led to colonial discontent. 

The Proclamation of 1763 was issued by King George III and forbade colonists from settling lands west of the Appalachian Mountains. The Proclamation was issued in order to stabilize relations between Great Britain and the American Indian tribes who lived in the river valley. Because the British were virtually bankrupt from the Seven Years War, they could not afford to fight another costly war with the American Indians over territory. However, the colonists, many of whom participated in the war in hopes of gaining new western lands, were extremely upset by the Proclamation of 1763. In fact, many colonists simply ignored the Proclamation and settled in the river valley anyway. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The people of Georgia did not share the same reactions to the Proclamation of 1763 for two reasons. First, the young Georgia colony was small and most colonists were still nestled on the Georgia coastline, with major trade routes and ports. Secondly, Georgia gained land and resources from the Spanish and their American Indian allies after the French and Indian war. This new land was located south of the line drawn by the Proclamation of 1763, opening new coastal lands on which Georgians could settle. 
 
Due to the debt that the war caused the British government, members of Parliament believed that the colonists should be responsible for taking on some of the financial burden by paying new taxes. Up to that point, the British government had traditionally left the role of tax collection to the Colonial Assemblies. After the French and Indian War, colonists were being directly taxed for the first time without colonial “representation” in the British Parliament.  This led to protests throughout the colonies. 
 
One of the earliest and most controversial taxes was the Stamp Act of 1765. This act put a direct tax on items that were commonly used by almost every colonist, including newspapers, licenses, and legal documents. Reaction to this act in the colonies was swift and often violent. Colonial leaders made formal speeches against the act and joined to form the Stamp Act Congress. Average citizens reacted more violently and protested by hanging effigies of Parliamentary leaders and royal governors, attacking the homes of British officials, and tarring and feathering tax collectors. Some of these citizens, mainly from the middle and upper classes, joined a group called the “Sons of Liberty” in response to these taxes. Eventually, due to colonial pressure, the British Parliament repealed the Stamp Act, but issued other acts to collect taxes. These acts caused even more discontent and set the stage for the Revolutionary War. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Due to Georgia’s small population, strong royal governor (James Wright), and economic dependence on Great Britain, its response to the Stamp Act was not as violent as it was in other colonies. In fact, Georgia was the only colony where a small number of stamps were sold. Nonetheless, there was some resistance to the Stamp Act. Several prominent Georgians spoke out against this act and on November 6, 1765, a group affiliated with the Sons of Liberty called the “Liberty Boys” was established to oppose the Stamp Act. 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

****SS8H3b. Interpret the three parts of the Declaration of Independence (preamble, grievances, and declaration) and identify the three Georgia signers of the document.

 

The Declaration of Independence was the document officially declaring the colonies’ independence from Great Britain. It was adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776. The declaration was drafted by Thomas Jefferson. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
By July 1776 in Georgia, Royal Governor James Wright had been ousted from power and the colony was under the rule of the Patriots. Three Georgians, Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, and George Walton, attended the Second Continental Congress and signed the Declaration of Independence on behalf of the Georgia colony. 
 
***Tip***: When examining the signatures on the Declaration of Independence, one may notice that, almost symbolizing the separation Georgia had from the other colonies throughout much of the early Revolutionary Period, the signatures of Georgia’s three representatives are isolated on the far-left hand corner of the document. 

The Declaration of Independence is a document that is divided into three parts. The first part, the Preamble, explains to the reader about the natural rights of all people (though this has been debated), states the reasons for the document, and includes the famous quote “We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”  
 
The second part includes a list of grievances against King George III including “imposing taxes without our consent” and “quartering large bodies of troops among us.” The list details why the colonies deemed independence necessary. 
 
The final part is the actual “declaration of independence” and is where the colonists officially severed ties from Great Britain, the mother country.  
 
***Tip***: You should understand that the patriots who signed this document, including John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and Benjamin Franklin, put their lives on the line. Their signing the document made them officially guilty of treason. Had Britain won the war, these men would more than likely have been executed as traitors to their country.

Three men signed the Declaration of Independence on behalf of the Georgia colony.   

Button Gwinnett (1735-1777) was born in England and arrived in Georgia in 1765.

 

 

 

 

 

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Upon arriving in Georgia, he bought St. Catherine’s Island (Mary Musgrove’s former home). Gwinnett became involved in Georgia politics in 1769, though financial troubles caused him to withdraw from public life in 1773. During the Revolutionary War Period, Gwinnett reentered the political scene, and in 1776 was selected to attend the Continental Congress in Philadelphia. As a member of the Congress, he strongly supported independence from England. Upon his return from Philadelphia, he was instrumental in the creation and passage of the Georgia Constitution of 1777. He also became embedded in a political rivalry with Lachlan McIntosh, which would prove to be deadly. After McIntosh publicly criticized Gwinnett, Gwinnett challenged him to a dual. The dual took place in May 1777. Both men shot one another; however, Gwinnett’s wounds were fatal. He died on May 19, 1777. Gwinnett County was named in his honor. Because Gwinnett died shortly after signing the Declaration of Independence, he is the signer with the fewest known signatures in existence today. Because he died so young, Gwinnett’s signature is highly sought after by autograph enthusiasts. In 2010, a letter he wrote sold for $722,500. 

Lyman Hall (1734-1790) was born in Wallingford, Connecticut.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

He graduated from Yale University and became an ordained minister in 1747, but after several controversies regarding his ministry, he moved south to practice medicine. Hall moved to Georgia in 1760. Hall was the only Georgia representative in the Second Continental Congress in 1775. Though he participated in debates, he abstained from voting because he did not represent the entire state. Once Gwinnett and Walton joined him in 1776, he voted for independence from England and signed the Declaration. Upon returning to Georgia, Hall was elected Governor in 1783 and was instrumental in the founding of the University of Georgia. Hall County was named in his honor. 
Declaration 

George Walton (1749?-1804) was arguably the most politically successful of Georgia’s three signers.

 

 

 

 

 

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Walton was born in Virginia around 1749. He moved to Georgia in 1769, and established himself as one of the most successful lawyers in the colony. In 1776, he was appointed as a representative to the Second Continental Congress where he signed the Declaration of Independence.  
 
Upon returning to Georgia, Walton served in the Georgia militia and was eventually captured by the British. After being released in a prisoner exchange, Walton was elected governor of Georgia. His first term was short lived, as he was elected to Congress after serving as governor for two months. Following the war, Walton served as Chief Justice of the Georgia Supreme Court, a second term as governor in 1789, as an U.S. Senator, and finally as a superior court judge. Walton died February 2, 1804. Walton County was named in his honor. 

 

****SS8H3 c. Analyze the significance of the Loyalists and Patriots as a part of Georgia’s role in the Revolutionary War; include the Battle of Kettle Creek and Siege of Savannah.

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The Loyalists, as their name implies, were loyal to Britain and did not want the colonies to break away from the mother country. Because many Georgians prospered under royal leadership, many were reluctant to rise up against Britain. Many influential colonial Georgians remained loyal to Britain including Royal Governor James Wright, landowner Thomas Brown, and minister John J. Zubly. Some, such as Brown, took up arms against their fellow Georgians who sided with the Patriots. Most of the Loyalist landowners forfeited their land to the Patriots and left Georgia after the war. Loyalists were also called Tories. 

Patriots were outnumbered by the Loyalists in the Georgia colony. However, as other colonies experienced Britain’s wrath after multiple Tea Parties and the Intolerable Acts, Georgia radicals were moved to action, many joining the Liberty Boys. Leading the charge included John Houstoun, George Walton, Archibald Bulloch and Noble W. Jones. By publishing a broadside  (a sizable sheet of paper printed on one side) inviting Georgians to a meeting at Tondee’s Tavern on July 27, 1774, these men were encouraging others to join the radical movement in the colony. Georgians were more interested, however, in providing a strong British presence on Georgia’s frontier as protection against the American Indians. They were still concerned that South Carolina would cut off trade if they did not remain “radical” enough. As the war progressed, Georgia fell into the hands of Britain as had Philadelphia and New York. Loyalist spies and their outnumbered status confounded the Patriots, but they stood their ground. Enjoying a boost in morale after experiencing military success at Kettle Creek, the Patriots were able to take control of British-held Augusta.  

Though the Battle of Kettle Creek was not as important as other major American victories such as Trenton, Saratoga, and Yorktown, this battle raised the morale of the Georgia Patriots, replenished much needed supplies, and set the stage for several victories in the southern back country toward the end of the Revolutionary War. 
The Battle of Kettle Creek took place on February 14, 1779. The Georgia militia, led by Elijah Clarke and Thomas Dooly, attacked an encampment of 600 British Loyalists. Though outnumbered, the Patriots routed the Loyalist troops, bringing rejuvenation to the Patriot cause after several prior defeats. Based on their heroic actions in the battle, both Clarke and Austin Dabney (a slave who served in the Georgia militia) became Georgia heroes. 

In 1778, the British recaptured Savannah making Georgia the only colony to be officially retaken by the British during the war. In reality, there were “two” Georgia’s during the war: The Patriot-held countryside and the British held cities of Augusta and Savannah. In October 1779, a joint force of French and Patriot troops attacked Savannah in hopes of retaking the city. This attack was a dismal failure. After five days of intense shelling from French ships and Patriot batteries, little damage was done to the British military but several civilians in the city were killed. When the French and American troops finally attacked the city, they were easily defeated by the British troops. When the fighting ended, over 800 allied troops were killed compared to 18 British soldiers. Savannah stayed in British hands until 1782. 

Though the Siege of Savannah was a failure for the Patriots, several American heroes emerged from the battle. One was Count Casimir Pulaski, a Polish nobleman who was killed leading a charge. Another hero, Sergeant William Jasper, was also killed while attacking a British position. Additionally, a group of black soldiers from Haiti heroically protected the allied retreat and saving hundreds of allied soldiers’ lives in the process. 

 

 

****SS8H3 d. Analyze the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and explain how those weaknesses led to the writing of a new federal Constitution.

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America’s first written constitution was not the Constitution that we have today but another document called the Articles of Confederation (AOC). The AOC, which served as America’s constitution from 1776-1789, provided Americans with an extremely weak central government. This stems from the Americans’ experience with Britain’s monarchy and their goal to give as much power as they could to the “people” through the autonomy of the states. Nevertheless, the AOC had too many limitations that hindered the smooth functioning of the government. ***click here to see the primary source AOC.

Some of the powers the national government had under the AOC:
• Declare war;
• Coin money;
• Establish post offices; and
• Send and recall Ambassadors. 

Some of the powers the national government did not have under the AOC:
• Levy (impose) taxes to fund the government (the national government had to ask states for support);  and,
• Could not regulate the trade of goods between the states (states could place tariffs on each other). 

Some of the more serious weaknesses of the articles included:
• A strong legislative branch and no executive or judicial branches;
• Each state had its own currency;
• All 13 states had to approve a law for it to pass; and,
• One vote per state no matter the size of the state’s population. 

In 1787, the nation’s founders realized that the Articles of Confederation were far too weak to effectively govern the country, especially with the continual threat of attack from the European powers and the American Indians. In addition, states were constantly bickering about land and sea rights and in some cases almost coming to blows due to their disagreements. Since the national government could not raise revenue to support itself, it could not maintain an Army and Navy or build roads and canals. Due to the fact that all thirteen states had to agree on any legislation, the United States government had a difficult time passing laws. Finally, there was no “separation of powers,” as the government under the AOC did not have an executive or judicial branch. 

These weaknesses caused many of the nation’s most important leaders, including Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, George Washington, and Benjamin Franklin, to consider revising or even completely discarding the AOC in order to create a new constitution. In 1787, representatives from all 13 states met to do just that. 

While most in attendance believed that the proceedings would simply revamp the AOC, when they departed, they had created a new constitution that has been the law of the land for over 200 years. Though there were several important people, events, and compromises that occurred during the Constitutional Convention, the most important were the Three-fifths Compromise, a compromise agreed upon by the North and the South which allowed for slaves to count toward a state’s overall population by counting slaves as “3/5 of a person,” and the Great Compromise which created a bicameral legislature where each state had two members in the Senate but representation in the House of Representatives was based on the state’s population.  ***click here to analyze the primary source "U.S Constitution"

The Role of Georgia at the Constitutional Convention     

Georgians played two important roles during the Constitutional Convention. The first role was their unrelenting support of slavery. Based on the united stance of the southern delegates, including the delegates from Georgia, in favor of allowing states to include slaves in their population count, the members of the Constitutional Convention agreed upon the Three-Fifths Compromise. While this provided a temporary resolution to the slavery issue, it was the beginning of a great and lasting divide between the North and the South that would later lead to war. 

The second important contribution was from Abraham Baldwin. He is given credit for changing his vote to side with the “small states” in the Congressional representation debate. This decision evened the numbers for and against the Virginia Plan and allowed for the Great Compromise to be determined. Baldwin claimed that this act was one of his greatest accomplishments. 

Abraham Baldwin (1754-1807) was a native of Connecticut.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A graduate of Theology from Yale University, Baldwin served as a chaplain in the U.S. Army during the American Revolution. After the war, he became a lawyer. Baldwin moved to Georgia in 1784 where he became a successful politician. In 1787, he was one of four Georgians sent to the Constitutional Convention and one of two who signed the document. Starting in 1789, Baldwin served 5 terms as a U.S. Congressman and later two terms as a U.S. Senator. He died in office in 1807. However, Baldwin is probably most famous for his role in the creation of the University of Georgia and his position as the University’s first president (1786-1801). Due to Baldwin’s influence, it has been said that many of the early building on the campus of the University of Georgia were modeled after buildings found at his alma mater Yale.  

William Few, Jr. (1748-1828) was a soldier, signer of the U.S. Constitution, judge, and legislator for two states.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Born in North Carolina, Few’s family moved to Georgia in the mid-1770s. Few fought in the American Revolution, served as a state legislator, and was appointed as one of Georgia’s representatives to the Constitutional Convention. Though he did not make much of an impression during the proceedings, following the Convention, he had a successful political and private career in two states. When he lived in Georgia, he served as one of the state’s senators, a state representative, and as a judge. In 1799, due to the urging of his wife who was a native New Yorker, he moved to New York City where he became a member of the New York legislature for four years as well as a bank president. Few lived the remainder of his life in New York. Interestingly, in 1976, to honor the nation’s bicentennial, Few’s remains were moved back to Georgia.

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SS8E2 a. Describe how profit is an incentive for entrepreneurs.

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As entrepreneurs create new business plans, a major goal is to establish protocols that will generate a profit (the amount of money an entrepreneur or business earns after paying their expenses). The expectation of earning a profit motivates entrepreneurs to accept the risk of acquiring and organizing resources to meet market opportunities. The entrepreneur deals with whatever profit or loss results from business enterprises. Avoiding a loss and making a profit requires innovation in reducing the cost of providing goods and services and to attempt to improve product quality and service.

The entrepreneur must remain focused on consumer wants in order to build a dynamic, profit-oriented business. Entrepreneurs must have innovative skills in acquiring and managing the factors of production (labor, natural resources – raw materials, and capital – factories and equipment). The power of profit is used in market economies as an incentive and ensures that consumer demand is met. Some entrepreneurs share profits with employees, which helps to generate employee dedication to and support of the business. 

Georgia is known for producing entrepreneurs of great skill and success. The following list includes Georgia entrepreneur from different historical periods and their areas of success: 

• Alonzo Herndon (1858-1927) - founder and president of the Atlanta Life Insurance Company

• Anne Cox Chambers (b. 1919) - primary owner of Cox Enterprises, a privately held media empire that includes newspapers, television, radio, cable television, and other businesses

• Ted Turner (b. 1938) - media titan, cable-TV pioneer, father of the Goodwill Games, owner of a World Series champion baseball team, skipper of a yacht that won the America's Cup, feature film producer, and restaurateur

• Arthur Blank (b. 1942) - cofounder of the Home Depot corporation and the owner of the Atlanta Falcons football team

• Bernie Marcus (b. 1929) - cofounder of the Home Depot and a well-known philanthropist

• Truett Cathy (1921-2014) - founder and chairman of the Chick-fil-A restaurant chain

• John Stith Pemberton (1831-1888) - the inventor of the Coca-Cola beverage

• Asa Candler (1851-1929) - founder of the Coca-Cola Company, a banker and real estate developer and noted for his philanthropy

• Robert W. Woodruff (1889-1985) - made Coca Cola a world-renowned corporation and known for his philanthropy 

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SS8E2c. Evaluate the economic impact of various industries in Georgia including agricultural, entertainment, manufacturing, service, and technology.

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Economic Impact of the Agriculture Industry 

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Blessed with a relatively mild year round climate, Georgia offers tremendous opportunities for the agriculture industry. Taking pride in their work, farmers utilize modern conservation and production practices that help protect the environment and grow healthier, safer crops. As Georgia’s leading industry, a well-established business infrastructure combined with the resources of higher education facilities enable agribusiness firms to take new products to market faster. Georgia is a leading producer of commodities like soybeans, peanuts, cotton, broilers (chickens) and blueberries and is developing new products such as wine, cheeses, ice creams, peach products among other goods. During 2012, the Census of Agriculture indicates that Georgia’s agriculture industry sold more than $9.2 billion worth of agricultural products. The census reveals that more than 42,000 farms operated with 9.6 million acres in production. More than 17,000 of the farms raised cattle, both beef and dairy cows. The state’s forestry industry contributes $17.7 billion to Georgia’s economy and supports 73,300 jobs in the state. Georgia boasts the most commercial forest land than any other state. In 2011, $72.5 billion of Georgia’s $786.5 billion economy was related to Georgia’s agriculture industry. This industry, however, is a primary source of unemployment in the state. 

Economic Impact of the Entertainment Industry 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A variety of enterprises comprise the entertainment industry. The arts, film/TV, music and tourism businesses impact the state each in its unique way.

The arts and arts organizations are important to tourism and local economic growth. The arts significantly offer cultural opportunities to Georgia’s citizens, creates jobs, supports arts education, and helps revitalize communities. Creative industries in Georgia represent a combined $37 billion in revenue, and includes 200,000 employed generating $12.1 billion in earnings, and $62.5 billion in total economic impact.

The film, television, and interactive entertainment industry is booming in Georgia. Since 1972, 800 film and television projects (short term and long term) have provided job opportunities to 30,000 working professionals. A growing digital media industry, university developed talent, abundant tax incentives, proximity to a well-connected transportation system, and location diversity for filming are among the reasons that Georgia has become a “camera ready” state. In 2015, Georgia feature films and television production generated an economic impact of $7 billion. Qualifying productions can earn 20% tax credits and additional credit for embedding a Georgia promotional logo in the film’s title or credits. 

The music production industry in Georgia has a well-known history of producing celebrated musicians. Metro Atlanta has recently become recognized as an industry hub for music production. The industry has generated approximately 9,500 job opportunities in the state and approximately $3.5 billion in revenue per year. The music industry generates about $50 million in tax revenues for the state per year. The industry has impacts beyond the music production industry. The network of support industries that are associated with music production increases the overall impact of the industry on Georgia’s economy.

The tourism industry in Georgia provides a $59 billion impact on the state’s economy. As the fifth largest employer in the state, the industry supports 439,000 job opportunities, or 10.3% of all payroll employment in the state. Taxes of $3 billion from the tourism industry were pumped into Georgia’s economy in 2015. If Georgia’s tourism industry was absent from the economy, each Georgia household would have to be taxed an additional $843 by state and local governments each year. 

Domestic travel to Georgia brought over 102 million visitors to the state in 2012, an increase of almost 4% over 2014. Leisure travel was up 3.3%, while business travel increased at 4.8%. International visitors increased by 2.4% to an estimated $3 billion in 2015. While visitor volume increased by 13.8%, visitor spending impacted the state’s economy by $767.9 million. In response to the upward projection of tourism in the state, hotel revenue is tracking in the same direction. Hotel revenue in Georgia is enjoying another consecutive year of upward trending growth, growing by 10% to $3.9 billion. Demand for hotel facilities is rising as occupancy rose to 64.4%, an increase from 2014. Clearly, the hotel industry is reacting to the positive growth in the travel and tourism industry.

Economic Impact of the Manufacturing Industry 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The manufacturing industry employs 6.4 million people creating a large workforce. However, representatives from the manufacturing sector have concluded that the industry is suffering in finding employees that have the right skills and experience to fill available positions. While many people perceive jobs in the manufacturing industry to be blue-collar and “dirty”, most manufacturing jobs pay better than average salaries, offer clean work environments, and offer significant opportunities to advance within the industry. According to Hire Dynamics, the demand in Georgia’s manufacturing industry has increased 30%, but the manufacturing workforce is not keeping up with the demand for workers. It is believed that this shortage of workers will become more severe in the coming years. The industry has become more efficient due to automation, resulting in a smaller workforce that requires skilled workers who require years of training to perform the industry jobs efficiently and effectively. 

Regardless of the downward trend in the number of job opportunities, manufactured goods exports are a very strong part of Georgia’s economy. Manufacturers in Georgia produced 11.50% of the total output in the state and employed 8.75% of the workforce, a significant impact on Georgia’s economy.

Economic Impact of the Service Industry 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The service industry provides a type of economic activity that is intangible, does not require storage, and does not result in ownership. Services are consumed at the point of sale. As a major component of economics (the other component being goods), services are vital to the successful functioning of Georgia’s economy. The service industry is difficult to define because it encompasses a wide variety of industries and businesses. The industry, however, can be divided into two broad, general subdivisions: customer services and professional services. 

Service industries are the largest sector of Georgia's economy led by wholesale (food, petroleum products, transportation equipment) and retail (automobile dealerships, discount stores, grocery stores, restaurants) trade activities. 

Most professional services, which include legal, accounting, investment management, engineering and health care, have seen a steady increase in new positions in recent years. The growth in this division is linked to three broad economic developments relevant to those services: contractual arrangements, expanding construction activity, and innovations in technology. Of the professional services, health services are expected to grow the fastest, with an estimated 30% or more rise in employment. In 2015, it was predicted that the professional services industry would maintain a 1.5% - over 4% growth rate, higher than the Georgia statewide totals. 

Economic Impact of Technology 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Georgia’s technology industry is growing and is currently one of the nation’s top 10 U.S. technology employment markets. Compared to other states with similar industry characteristics, employment in Georgia’s technology industry grew 2.5% in 2016. Most industry leaders anticipate that this growth trend will continue. Georgia’s major strengths in the technology industry include health technology, medical devices, software development, digital entertainment and network and cyber security. While the cities of Atlanta (the technology hub), Savannah and Columbus are the leading technology locales, the technology industry is spreading throughout the state. The payroll impact of the technology industry in the state could reach $30 billion by 2020. Georgia’s technology industry wages fall below the national average; however, technology wages are growing rapidly. From 2015 to 2016, the wage increase rate was over 6.5%, significantly higher than the national average growth rate. 

While the outlook for the technology industry is promising, a major concern is the ability of the industry to attract and retain key talent to the state. Finding enough employees with the right skills to fill vacancies is a very real problem for technology companies in Georgia. Many employers have had to recruit from talent pools outside of the state, resulting in relocation costs and potential satellite offices. Industry leaders believe that a focus on re-structuring technology learning opportunities in the state’s K-12 educational system will help produce a highly skilled technology workforce. A talent pool is being groomed for the workforce in the nationally ranked programs at the Georgia Institute of Technology and Georgia State University. 

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